ANNOUNCER:Section 1.Listen to this telephone conversation between Janice Biggins, who works for a house renting agency, and Jon Anderson.First you have some time to look at questions 1 to 6.You will see that there is an example which has been done for you.On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.

JANICE:Hello, Flagstone.

JON:Oh, hello.Is that Flagstone properties?

JANICE:Yes, that's right.Flagstone here.How can I help you?

JON:Hello, I'm ringing just to make inquiries about renting a house.

ANNOUNCER:The name of the agent is Flagstone, so Flagstone has been written in the notes.Now we shall begin.You should answer the questions as you listen, because you will not hear the recording a second time.Listen carefully to the first part of the conversation, and answer questions 1 to 6.

JANICE:Hello, Flagstone.

JON:Oh, hello.Is that Flagstone properties?

JANICE:Yes, that's right.Flagstone here.How can I help you?

JON:Hello, I'm ringing just to make inquiries about renting a house.My name's Jon Anderson.

JANICE:Yes, Mr Anderson.What sort of thing were you looking for?

JON:Um. 2 bedroom house with garden.

JANICE:Well, yes, sir.That shouldn't be any problem.Just to let you know that our main areas, uh, the main areas we deal with are the city center itself.

JON:City center, uh huh.

JANICE:And the north suburbs.

JON:Oh, well, uh we were most interested in the northern areas, actually.

JANICE:Right.Yes.What sort of price were you thinking of?

JON:Well, uh, could you give me some idea?

JANICE:Certainly.It really ranges from 250 pounds per month.

JON:Only 250 pounds?

JANICE:Yes.To about 500 pounds, depending on a number of different factors.

JON:What does it depend on?

JANICE:Well, obviously the quality of the area, and then whether there's a garden.

JON:Well, as I said, we'd want a garden.

JANICE:And a garage pushes up the price.

JON:Right...Well, we wouldn't necessarily need one.I think about 350 pounds a month would be our limit.

JANICE:OK, well, would you like to have a look at a couple of properties, sir?

JON:Yes, that would be great.

JANICE:Um. Looking at our files, I think we've got 2 which might suit you.

JON:Oh, hang on, I'll just get a pen.Uh. Right.

JANICE:OK, well there's one on West Park Road, which is £325 a month.

JON:Uh huh. Are the bills included?

JANICE:Well, that one just includes the water bill.

JON:OK, right.

JANICE:And the second house is in Tithe road.I'll just spell that for you, OK?

JON:Yep.

JANICE:TITHE Road.

JON:Uh. Yeah, got that.And how much is that one?

JANICE:That's 380 pounds.

JON:380.Uh. Is that including water?

JANICE:No, I'm afraid not, but it does include the telephone rental.

JON:Oh, well, ha, that's not too bad then.Uh. So.

ANNOUNCER:Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 7 to 10.Now listen and answer questions 7 to 10.

JANICE:So, when would you be available to see them?

JON:Well, uh, I'll be in town next week, say Thursday.

JANICE:No, I'm sorry.We don't have any availability for Thursday.How about Wednesday afternoon?

JON:Uh. OK, that's fine.Would 5 be OK?

JANICE:Yes, fine.5:00 it is.Just come to the Flagstone offices.

JON:Oh, before I forget.What sort of things do I need to get done to rent with you?

JANICE:Well, the most important thing is a letter from your bank.

JON:No problem.

JANICE:And then a reference letter from your employer.

JON:Yes.That's OK.

JANICE:Great.And then we would need you to give two weeks' notice of moving in.

JON:Right, uh, 2 weeks notice.And what about a deposit?

JANICE:That's one month's rent, whatever the amount is.

JON:OK, 1 month, is that it?

JANICE:No, sorry, one more, you will have to pay for the contract.

JON:Oh yes, I'd forgotten about that.OK, fine.So I'll start arranging those, and I'll see you next week.Yes, thanks very much.Bye.

JANICE:Goodbye.

ANNOUNCER:That is the end of section 1.You will now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER:Section 2.You are going to hear a conversation between two women about the health system in England.First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 17.Now listen to the first part of the conversation, and answer questions 11 to 17.

MRS SMITH:Hello, Mrs Sutton.Come in.How are you settling in next door?Have all your things from Canada arrived yet?I thought I saw a removals van outside your house yesterday afternoon.

MRS SUTTON:Yes, they came yesterday.We spent all day yesterday arranging them.It's beginning to feel a bit more like home now.

MRS SMITH:Oh, that's good.Look, come in and sit down.Are you all right?You look a bit worried.

MRS SUTTON:Well, I am a bit.I'm sorry to bother you so early, Mrs Smith, but I wonder if you could help me.Could you tell me how I can get hold of a doctor?Our daughter, Anna, isn't very well this morning, and I may have to call somebody out.She keeps being sick, and I am beginning to get a bit worried.I just don't know how the health system works here in England.All I know is that it's very different from ours back in Canada.

MRS SMITH:Well, uh, I don't know really where to start.Let me think.Well, the first thing you have to do is find a family doctor.

MRS SUTTON:Uh huh.

MRS SMITH:Sometimes we call them general practitioners as well.

MRS SUTTON:Right.

MRS SMITH:And register with him or her.If you live here, you've got to be on a doctor's list.If you're not, things can be a bit difficult.Nobody will come out to you if you're not registered.Anyway, they work in things called practices.Sort of small groups of family doctors all working together in the same building.Now what you've got to do this morning is register with one of them.There are two practices near here, so we're quite well off for doctors in this part of Manchester.There's the Dean End Health Center, about 10 minutes' walk away.And there's another practice in South Hay.That's about 5 minutes away, going towards the town center.

MRS SUTTON:Uh huh.

MRS SMITH:We are registered at the Dean End one.But they're both OK.There are about six doctors in our practice and four in the other, so ours is quite big in comparison.And the building and everything's a bit more modern.South Hay is a bit old-fashioned, but the doctors are OK.Their only problem is that they don't have a proper appointment system.Sometimes you have to wait for ages there to see someone.Anyway, you go to the receptionist in whichever health center, and ask her to register you with a doctor there.You have to fill in a form, but it doesn't take long.Ours is called Dr Jones, and we've been going to him for years, ever since we moved here 15 years ago.I wouldn't say he's brilliant, but I suppose he's all right really.We're used to him now.They say he's very good with elderly people, but he does tend to get a bit impatient with children.Listen, the one who's supposed to be really good with small children is Dr Shaw.I've heard lots of people say that.

MRS SUTTON:Uh huh.

MRS SMITH:She's young and she's got small children of her own.So, you could try registering with her.And if her list is full, I heard somebody say the other day that there's a really nice young doctor at South Hay, a Dr Williams.He holds special clinics for people with back trouble, but that's not really your problem, is it?

ANNOUNCER:Now you have some time to look at questions 18 to 20.Now listen to the rest of the conversation, and answer questions 18 to 20.

MRS SMITH:If you want a doctor to visit you at home, you have to ask for a home visit.You're supposed to do that before 10:30 in the morning, but obviously, if it's an emergency, you can phone at any time, night or day.It might not be your doctor that comes though.It's quite often one of the other doctors in the practice.It doesn't really seem to make much difference.

MRS SUTTON:Right.

MRS SMITH:Otherwise you make an appointment to see your doctor at the health center.You usually get seen the same day, not always of course, but usually as I say.They hold surgeries between 9 and 11:30 every weekday.And from 4 to 6:30 Monday to Thursday.Saturdays are only for emergencies.

MRS SUTTON:I see.

MRS SMITH:When the doctor sees you, he gives you a prescription.He writes what medication you need on it, and you take it to a chemist's shop.There's one opposite the center.If it's for a child under 16, you don't have to pay.So if it's for Anna, there's no problem.The same thing goes if you're unemployed or retired, or if you're pregnant, just as well, because it's not cheap.You pay the same price for each item the doctor has prescribed.At the moment, it's something like £5 per item, so you pay for the medication, but the consultation with the doctor doesn't cost you anything.It's completely free, as long as you're a resident here.

MRS SUTTON:Uh huh.

MRS SMITH:You're going to be here for 3 years, aren't you?

MRS SUTTON:Uh huh.

MRS SMITH:So, there shouldn't be any question of you paying anything to see the doctor.So that's one less problem to worry about.Look, Mrs Sutton, if you want, I'll sit with your daughter for half an hour, if you want to go down to the health center to register.It's no trouble really, don't worry.

MRS SUTTON:Are you sure you wouldn't mind?That would really help me a lot.I'll ask them if they can send someone round later to see Anna.I think I'll try the Dean End Center.

MRS SMITH:Good idea.Don't worry about Anna.

MRS SUTTON:Right, I'll be back as soon as I can.

ANNOUNCER:That is the end of Section 2.You will now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER:Section 3.You're going to hear a university tutor interviewing a candidate for a place on a postgraduate diploma course in teaching geography.First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 27.Now listen carefully to the first part of the interview, and answer questions 21 to 27.

TUTOR:Hello, Jonathan Briggs, isn't it?

JB:Yes, that's right.

TUTOR:Do come in and sit down.

JB:Thanks.

TUTOR:Right, well, Jonathan, as we explained in your letter, in this part of the interview, we like to talk through your application form, your experience to date, et cetera.And then in the second part, you go for a group interview.

JB:Group interview, yes, I understand.

TUTOR:So your first degree was in Economics.

JB:Yes, but I also did Politics as a major strand.

TUTOR:And you graduated in 1989 and I see you've been doing some teaching.

JB:Yes, I worked as a volunteer teacher in West Africa.I was there for almost three years in total from 1990 to 1992.

TUTOR:How interesting.What organization was that with?

JB:It's not one of the major ones, it's called Teach South.

TUTOR:Oh, right.Yes, I have heard of it.It operates in several African countries, doesn't it?And what kind of school was it?

JB:A rural cooperative.

TUTOR:Oh, a rural cooperative, how interesting.And what did you teach?

JB:A variety of things in different years.Um. I did with forms 1 to 3, mainly geography.And some English with form 5, then in my final year, I took on some agricultural science with the top year, that's form 6.

TUTOR:Right.Quite a variety then.

JB:I also ran the school farm.

TUTOR:How interesting.

ANNOUNCER:Before the interview continues, you have some time to look at questions 28 to 30.Now listen to the rest of the interview, and answer questions 28 to 30.

TUTOR:And how did you find the whole experience?

JB:I'll be honest with you.At the end of the first year, I really wanted to leave and come home.

TUTOR:Why was that?

JB:Well, I was very homesick at first, and missed my family.

TUTOR:Oh, yes, I can understand that.

JB:And I also found it frustrating to have so few teaching resources.But I did decide to stay, and in the end, I extended my tour to a third year.

TUTOR:Right.Things must have looked up then.

JB:Yes, we set up a very successful project breeding cattle to sell locally.

TUTOR:Really?

JB:And then after a lot of hard work, we finally got funds for new farm buildings.

TUTOR:And you wanted to see things through.

JB:Uh-huh.

TUTOR:And that's why you want to train to teach geography.

JB:Yes, I've had a couple of jobs since then, but I now realize I like teaching best.And I chose geography because it's my favorite subject.And also because I think it has so many useful applications.

TUTOR:Well, you certainly have had some interesting work experience.I'll ask you now to go on to the next stage of the interview.

ANNOUNCER:That is the end of Section 3.You will now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER:Section 4.You are going to hear a radio talk on back pain, given by Doctor Paula Clayberg of Liverpool's Wilton clinic.First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.Now listen carefully to the talk, and answer questions 31 to 40.

PRESENTER:Today's Health Counsel is presented by Paula Clayburg, who is the chief counselor at Liverpool's famous pain clinic, the Wilton Clinic.Uh. Paula.

PAULA CLAYBURG:Do you know what Prince Charles, Seve Ballesteros, and Elizabeth Taylor have in common?They all suffer from chronic back pain.In fact, bad backs are one of the most common health problems today, affecting people in all walks of life.The most recent available figures show that about a quarter of a million people are incapacitated with back pain every day.And many sufferers don't know the cause or the solution to their problem.The majority of our patients at the clinic tend to be women.They are especially vulnerable because of pregnancy, but also because of osteoporosis.Which I personally believe to be the major cause of problems for women.I have many women patients who say they have completely given up exercise, because the pain makes them so miserable.But of course, that starts up a vicious circle.Bed rest, giving up exercise, and pain killers are traditional responses to back pain but, although there are many excellent drugs on the market, at our clinic, we're beginning to realize the unique benefits of relaxation therapy.Other specialists in the field make a strong case for certain types of exercise, but in our experience, they are easily mishandled, and can lead to more harm than good.Now let's look at some of the reasons why back pain is developing into such a unique menace.In general, the body is pretty good at self repair.A strain or a blow to a limb, though painful at the time, generally resolves itself.But the body's response to back injury can be very counterproductive.When pain strikes, we attempt to keep the back as immobile as possible, which makes the muscles tense up.Research shows that they often go into spasm,which causes further twisting of the spine; a vicious circle is underway.The second mistake we often make when stricken with extreme back pain is to go to bed and stay there.Although at the clinic, we recognize that a short rest in bed can be helpful.Up to 2 days, any longer makes our back muscles become weaker and unable to hold up our spine.The pain therefore becomes worse.Another problem is being overweight.Anyone a stone or more overweight, who already has back pain, is not doing himself any favors.Though it won't actually set it off in the first place, the weight will increase the strain and make things worse.The British diet could be partially to blame for the increase in back pain.Over the last 10 years, the average weight of men has risen by 11 pounds.And of women by 9 pounds.So much for the causes and aggravations of pain, but what can we do to help?There are many ways in which simple day to day care can make all the difference.The first point to watch of course is weight.If you are overweight, a diet will make all the difference.Also, studies have shown that just 1 hour sitting in a slouched position can strain ligaments in the back which can take months to heal.At the clinic, we have come to the conclusion that the major cause of the problem is not with the design of chairs, as some have suggested, but in the way we sit in them.It can be useful to get special orthopedic chairs, but remember the most important improvement should be in our posture.Another enemy of your back is of course your beds.If your bed doesn't give enough support, back muscles and ligaments work all night trying to correct spinal alignment.So you wake up with a tired aching back.Try out an orthopedic mattress or a spring slatted bed.Research shows that both can be beneficial for certain types of back pain.Another hazard for your back are the shock waves which travel up your spine when you walk, known as heel strike.A real find for our patients has been the shock absorbing shoe insert, a cheap but very effective solution.And you might be better off avoiding shoes with heels higher than one and a half inches.Though absolutely flat shoes can be a solution for some, others find their posture suffers.Finally, a word about the state-of-the-art relief, the TENS machine, a small battery-powered gadget, which delivers subliminal electrical pulses to the skin.Our experience indicates that your money is better spent on the more old-fashioned remedies.

ANNOUNCER:That is the end of Section 4.You will now have half a minute to check your answers.