ANNOUNCER:Section 3, you will hear a conversation between two students, Lynne and Robin, who are discussing an assignment.First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 30.Now listen carefully to the conversation and answer questions 21 to 30.
LYNNE:That essay we have to write, the one on how children learn through the media.How are you planning to write it?
ROBIN:Well, I've given it some thought, and I think that the best way to approach it is to divide the essay into two parts.First of all, we'd have to look at some examples of each type of media.
LYNNE:Yes, what they are.Then we could describe how we can use each medium so that children can learn something from each one.
ROBIN:Exactly.Maybe we could draw up a table and look at examples of each medium in turn.Hmm, uh. Let's see, um, the different forms of media would be the print media.
LYNNE:Here you'd have things like books and newspapers that sort of thing.
ROBIN:Hmm. And included in these are the pictorial forms of print media, like maps.
LYNNE:Yes, maps are really just formal pictures, aren't they?Hmm. And then there are what we call the audio forms of media.Where children can listen.CDs and radios are probably the best examples, because a lot of children have access to these, especially radios.
ROBIN:And this would lead into the audio-visual media, which can be seen as well as heard.Uh. Film, television, and we mustn't forget videos.
LYNNE:Yes, but there's a final category as well.Computers, that make up the so called electronic media.In the United Kingdom and Australia, they say that one in three families has a computer now.
ROBIN:Yes, I believe it.Well, uh, that's a good list to start with.We're really getting somewhere with this essay now.So, let's move on to when each type of medium could be used.I guess we could start by trying to identify the best situation for each type of media.
LYNNE:What do you mean?
ROBIN:Uh. I'm talking about whether each medium should be used with different sized groups.For example, we can look at pictures, and ask whether they're more useful for an individual child, a few children together or a full class.In this case, I'd say pictures are best with individual children, because they give them an opportunity to let their imaginations run wild.
LYNNE:Yes, I see.
ROBIN:Let's take tapes next.Although tapes look ideal for individual children, I feel they're best suited to small group work.Hmm. This way children don't feel isolated, cause they can get help from their friends.Computers are the same.I think they're better with small numbers of children, and they're hardly ever useful with a whole class.Videos, however, are ideal for use with everyone present in the class.Especially when children have individual activity sheets to help them focus their minds on what's in the video.
LYNNE:And what about books?What would you recommend for them?Books are ideal for children to use by themselves.I know they're used with groups in schools, but I wouldn't recommend it.Other pictorial media like maps though are different.I'd always plan group work around those.Give the children a chance to interact and to share ideas.
ROBIN:Hmm, I agree.Teachers often just leave maps on the wall for children to look at when they have some free time, but kids really enjoy using them for problem solving.Yes.
LYNNE:Different people have different ideas, I suppose.
ROBIN:Yeah, and different teachers recommend different tools for different age groups.
ANNOUNCER:That is the end of Section 3.You will now have half a minute to check your answers.
